The Ten Guiding Principles of Instructional Technology and Distance Education (ITDE) Project is a list of ten guidelines that educators can use to create online lessons. The audience for this project is comprised of educators planning to teach a virtual lesson. The two goals for the project are to teach educators how to: 1) create lessons using instructional technology; and, 2) become effective digital teachers. Guiding Principle #1 : Do consider the teacher as a facilitator, not the source of information (Smaldino et al, 2019, p. 2) Insight: According to Smaldino et al. (2019), students have a wealth of knowledge at their fingertips because of instructional technology and media (p. 2). Because of this, teachers are the guides of learning and “facilitators of knowledge acquisition” (Smaldino, 2019, p. 2). Guiding Principle #2: Do realize that technologies are merely tools that can be used in a variety of ways (Bates, 2015, section 7.8) Insight: Technology is a tool that facilitates different types of learning including visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Technology aids in the learning process. Guiding Principle #3: Do use the ADDIE Model when creating an online curriculum (Bates, 2015, section 4.3) Insight: The ADDIE Model is a series of steps educators take to create effective curriculum. ADDIE stands for Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. According to Bates (2015), Stage 1: Analyze means “identify all the variables that need to be considered when designing the course” (Bates, 2015, section 4.3) Stage 2: Design “focuses on identifying the learning objectives for the course and how materials will be created and designed.” Stage 3: Develop means “the creation of content” Stage 4: Implement refers to “the actual delivery of the course” Stage 5: Evaluate means “feedback and data are collected in order to identify areas that require improvement” Guiding Principle #4 : Do measure your digital teacher skills using the seven ISTE guidelines (Smaldino et al. 2019, p. 10) Insight: The International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) created a comprehensive set of standards for digital teachers to follow. Smaldino et al. (2019) highlight technology standards that are vital for digital educators in the table below. Guiding Principle #5: Do incorporate “research-based classroom practices to engage learners” in the lesson (Smaldino, et al. 2019, p. 24-26) Insight: According to Smaldino et al. (2019), the principles of research-based classroom practices “offer ways to engage learners regardless of their ability levels” (p. 24). These practices include “consider individual differences, state objectives, develop metacognitive skills, provide social interaction, incorporate realistic contexts, engage students in relevant practice, and offer frequent, timely, and constructive feedback” (Smaldino et al., 2019, p. 24). Guiding Principle #6 : Do follow the six steps of the ASSURE Model when planning lessons (Smaldino et al., 2019, p. 40-41) Insight: The ASSURE Model helps focus and organize the lesson to provide optimal learning outcomes. The acronym ASSURE stands for: analyze your student, state objectives), select methods, media, and material, utilize technology, require learner participation), and evaluate and revise (Smaldino et al., 2019, p. 40-41). Guiding Principle #7 : Do make sure you include the ABCDs of well-stated learning objectives (Smaldino et al, 2019, p. 45) Insight: Teachers can use the ABCDs of well-stated learning objectives to help clarify the objectives of each lesson. Smaldino et al. (2019) created the checklist below to help educators create effective learning objectives. Guiding Principle #8 : Do incorporate competency-based learning into your lessons (Bates, 2015, section 4.5) Insight: According to Bates (2015), teachers who evaluate student learning using defined competencies "meet the needs of students and employers in ways that are progressive...and coherent”. Bates (2015) uses the chart below to exemplify how an educator could use competency-based evaluation in a lesson. Guiding Principle #9: Do develop a total learning environment for students your virtual classroom (Bates, 2015, section 6.2) Insight: According to Bates (2015), a learning environment is a space that “optimizes the ability of students to learn.” (section 6.2). There are many learning environments. A total learning environment incorporates many activities, resources, assessment strategies and student culture. Guiding Principle #10 : Do follow the principles of effective learning assessment. (Smaldino et al., 2019, p. 32) Insight: According to Smaldino et al. (2019), “the method of assessing achievement depends on the nature of the objective” (p. 32). Methods of assessment include performance checklists, grading rubrics, and performance evaluation to assess knowledge retention and lesson effectiveness.
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